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Kindergarten Math

Math for Kindergarten Students

Seattle Public Schools believes in the brilliance of every child. 幼儿园将是一个伟大的一年，你的孩子将用数学来回答他们对世界的问题.

在幼儿园，你的孩子将专注于与共同核心标准一致的数学的三个重要领域-计数, Addition and Subtraction, and Shapes.

Counting: There are three big skills to practice when learning to count:

  1. Students learn to know number names and the counting sequence to 100.
  2. Students learn that when counting, 每个被计数或触摸的物体对应于计数序列中的一个数字(一对一对应)。.
  3. 学生们了解到计数的最后一个数字告诉他们“有多少”对象被计数(基数性)。.

Putting together and taking apart numbers: 学生们通过谈论数字和玩物体来理解如何将数量组合成10或分解成更小的数量. 这些技能用于探索11到20之间的数字和位值系统.

Shapes: Students will learn to identify, classify, and compose shapes based on features like the number of edges, angles, and curves.

请参阅右侧栏中的父指南或下面的单元描述以了解更多详细信息. 

Try This Math at Home

Practice counting regularly with your child. 他们应该知道如何数到10甚至更多，并理解数字的含义. Play games that involve counting, such as hide and seek, and incorporate counting into everyday activities, such as climbing stairs or eating.

Kindergarten Math by Unit

Unit 1: Numbers to 5 & Counting Numbers to 10

In this unit students begin to develop the principles of counting.

对于已经知道数字名称和数列的学生来说，比较和计算小数是很重要的一步. 发展语言和这些小数字的数量元素之间的关系是至关重要的.

Unit 2: Size, Order, and Position

在本单元中，学生比较物体并讨论物体的属性，如边数或大小.

  • Students use vocabulary such as “longer”, “taller”, “more”, “wider”, “next to”, “beside”, “under”, etc.
  • Students will compare abstract shapes like circles to real life objects. 并将形状相互比较，找出属性和度量的差异.
  • 学生们也在进行数字比较，因为他们要把一组物体排成一行，或者考虑边的数量, to decide which group has more less.
Unit 3: Numbers to 10

在本单元中，学生在第一单元的基础上，从数到数到10.

  • Students continue to count with 1:1 correspondence.
  • Students will work with Counting Collections of quantities 20-30.
  • 学生将会组合、分解、比较和排序直到10的数字.
  • 学生将会发展出一种概括，即我们在数列中说的下一个数字比当前的数字大1.
  • 学生将开始使用识别多少人在一个组中，多少人在两个组中
Unit 4: Numbers to 20

This unit builds upon the learning in Unit 3: Numbers to 10. 学生将学习阅读和书写数字到20，并在数到20个物体时掌握1-1对应关系.

  • Students develop an understanding of ‘teen’ numbers.
  • Use ten frames to show that numbers are made up of ten and additional ones.
  • 培养对“十位”的理解，并理解它代表一个完整的十帧.
  • Compare and order groups (least to greatest) of up to 20 objects.
Unit 5: Geometry

In this unit, 学生学习识别和命名各种平面和立体形状, and to compose and decompose those same shapes.

  • 学生们明白，某些属性定义了什么形状被称为(边数), number of angles, etc.) and other attributes do not (color, size, orientation).
  • 学生使用几何词汇来区分二维平面图形(正方形), circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons) and 3-D solid figures (cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).
  • 学生使用位置和大小词汇将两个或多个基本形状组合成新的形状.
Unit 6: Numbers to 100

Counting to 100 is an end of the year goal for kindergarteners. Students will continue the use of  Choral Counting and Number Talks, and  Counting Collections  to further develop their counting principles.

  • 十帧继续被用来理解十位及其与“十”数(20)的关系, 30, 40…)
  • 继续探索十进位数(一个十进位数和额外的十进位数)的组成，并与大于20的非十进位数建立联系.
  • Using a ‘hundreds’ chart to establish patterns in our number system.
Unit 7: Comparing Sets

本单元的重点是比较具有可测量属性和学术词汇的物体.

  • Students will pair quantities in sets with numbers.
  • 比较使用学术词汇的集合，以确定一个集合中的对象数量是否大于, less than, or equal to the number of objects in another set.
  • When comparing sets, students can use matching strategies, counting strategies or equal shares strategies.
  • 培养数量守恒——理解在一组中移动物体并不会改变物体的数量.
Unit 8: Addition and Subtraction Strategies

在这个单元中，学生有很多机会用具体的物体来表示加法和减法问题, pictures, and words.  当学生们决定采取什么行动来解决问题时，他们开始理解数量之间的关系.

  • This is a good time to introduce the concept of perseverance. 鼓励学生尝试不同的方法来解决问题，如果他们卡住了, and to think about if an answer makes sense. 问学生一些探索性的问题是很重要的，比如“你怎么知道的??” to elicit their thinking.
  • Students will develop a ‘counting on’ strategy for addition.
  • 此外，还有一种寻找数字之间差异的“或数或背”策略.
  • Students will connect this counting to a number line.
Unit 9: Composing and Decomposing Numbers

In this unit students continue to practice their counting abilities, 了解数量，并开始推理和解决加法/减法表达式和方程.

  • 复习数字到5的分解和组成，加强数字部分和整体的关系.
  • Decomposition and composition are taught simultaneously using number bonds 在添加之前，了解10内组合的部分/整体关系 & subtracting algorithms.
  • Students work with 5 and 10 frames to decompose, regroup, and sum numbers.
  • 大多数初级关卡的故事问题都是部分/部分/整体或比较问题.
Unit 10: Measurement

在本单元中，学生将探索衡量或量化我们的世界意味着什么.  They will have opportunities to measure and compare length, height, distance, weight, volume, and time.

  • 本单元的所有标准都可以通过比较对象和讨论属性来解决.
  • 学生们使用诸如“更长”、“更高”、“更多”、“更宽”等词汇.
  • 学生将区分可测量的属性，如罐头的高度或重量，和不可测量的属性，如罐头里的苏打水品牌.
  • 学生将在许多经历中使用非标准的度量单位. Using paper clips to measure, rather than an abstractthing 一英寸，使测量的概念对年轻人来说更加真实. 
  • 这让学生有机会专注于长度或重量的概念，而不会因为学习固定的单位制而分心.